Los contextos funerarios de la cultura Puruhá: Un análisis de la cultura material para la educación patrimonial

Abstract

The study entitled "The funerary contexts of the Puruhá culture: An analysis of material culture for heritage education" focuses on a comprehensive analysis of Puruhá culture funerary practices from archaeological and anthropological perspectives. The main objective of this research is to understand the funerary practices, the associated material culture and its relevance for heritage education. To achieve these objectives, an exhaustive bibliographical review of the subject was carried out, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts in archaeology and anthropology, as well as with members of different indigenous communities associated with the Puruhá culture in the province of Chimborazo. The qualitative methodology allowed an interpretative analysis of the data collected, identifying patterns and relevant themes related to the funerary practices and material culture of the Puruhá culture. The main results reveal distinctive characteristics of Puruhá burials throughout various archaeological phases such as Tuncahuán, San Sebastián, Elén Pata and Huavalac. These phases show an evolution in the complexity of funerary rituals, from burials in the fetal (descending) position with symbolic offerings to the construction of burial mounds and the careful selection of cemeteries in elevated and visible locations. Funerary objects, such as ceramics, tools and ornaments, reflect a rich worldview and spiritual beliefs about the afterlife. The research highlights the close relationship between local geography and Puruhá funerary practices, underlining the importance of the natural environment in the selection of burial sites and community participation in rituals. In addition, the funerary objects found provide a deep insight into the beliefs and values of the Puruhá culture, indicating an emotional and spiritual connection with the deceased. Finally, the study proposes a pedagogical approach based on Puruhá funerary contexts and material culture to promote the appreciation and understanding of cultural heritage in the educational setting. This proposal includes the development of educational activities, such as interactive models that allow students to explore and better understand the rich cultural heritage of the Puruhá, thus fostering respect and preservation of their historical heritage.